Orbit determination of BDS-3 satellite based on regional ground tracking station and inter-satellite link observations

The BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) has established the Ka-band inter-satellite link (ISL) to realize a two-way ranging function between satellites, which provides a new observation technology for the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Therefore, this study presents a BDS satellite orbit determination model based on ground tracking station (GTS) observations and ISL ranging observations firstly to analyze the impact of the ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Subsequently, considering the data fusion processing, the variance component estimation (VCE) algorithm is applied to the parameter estimation process of the satellite orbit determination. Finally, using the measured data from China’s regional GTS observations and BDS-3 ISL ranging observations, the effects of ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites are analyzed. Moreover, the impact of the VCE algorithm on the fusion data processing is evaluated from the aspects of orbit determination accuracy, Ka-band hardware delay parameter stability, and ISL ranging observation residuals. The results show that for China’s regional GTSs, the addition of BDS-3 ISL ranging observations can significantly improve the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites. The observed orbit determination accuracy of satellite radial component is improved from 48 cm to 4.1 cm. In addition, when the initial weight ratio between GTS observations and ISL ranging observations is not appropriate, the various indicators which include orbit determination accuracy, ISL hardware delay, and ISL observation residuals were observed to have improved after the adjustment of the VCE algorithm. These results validate the effectiveness of the VCE algorithm for the fusion data processing of the GTS observations and ISL ranging observations.     

PMSM电流预测控制参数误差量化分析方法

交流永磁同步电机（PMSM）电流环控制性能是制约交流伺服系统性能的关键。电流预测控制拥有更快的动态响应、更低的电流谐波和优良的转矩响应，但该算法依赖精确的电机模型，参数失配会引发稳态电流误差，无法输出额定转矩，进而导致电机转矩输出效率降低。根据永磁同步电机电流预测模型，详细分析了d、q轴电流静差产生的原因，以及电流预测控制对电机参数误差的敏感性，提出了一种参数误差量化分析方法。该方法引入了电机参数偏差因子，量化描述了电机电感、磁链参数误差与电流静差之间的制约关系。通过仿真分析，验证了所提方法的合理性，为高性能永磁伺服电流预测数字控制技术打下了良好基础。     

基于双滤波器的高精度目标跟踪估计方法

针对连续推力的合作航天器，采用双重无迹卡尔曼滤波(DUKF)算法估计其状态和加速度。通过状态滤波器和参数滤波器的配合，提升滤波精度，完成运动状态和参数的估计，从而实现合作目标的运动轨迹跟踪。与合作航天器相比，非合作航天器存在大小未知、发生时刻未知的机动，无法获得加速度，且信息获取和运动状态的估计难度大。针对非合作航天器，基于简化的相对运动方程，结合天基平台获得目标的观测信息，采用两个扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)及基于半正焦弦的机动检测策略实现多未知脉冲机动的运动状态的估计。仿真结果表明：相比于无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF），DUKF在对合作航天器的状态和加速度估计方面具有更快的收敛速度和更高的滤波精度；对于存在未知机动的非合作航天器，通过对比验证机动检测策略与滤波器切换策略相结合的方法的有效性，该方法能够检测到多次机动并且减少误判。     

小卫星侦察星座性能评估研究

针对小卫星侦察星座性能评估问题，从覆盖、成本和弹性三方面对小卫星侦察星座的性能指标进行研究，分别构建了考虑存储容量约束的覆盖能力评估模型、成本估计模型以及弹性能力评估模型。在覆盖能力评估模型中，将卫星存储容量作为约束条件，结合卫星覆盖几何模型分析了卫星对地侦察的工作条件，提出考虑存储容量的覆盖指标计算方法；通过小卫星成本模型(small satellite cost model,SSCM)对星座各分系统的成本进行估计；在弹性评估模型中，提出了星座性能损失率指标，并根据星座失效状态概率函数确定了不同失效状态下星座性能损失率的权重。将上述模型应用于SkySat和吉林一号星座的性能评估过程中，结果表明SkySat比吉林一号覆盖能力强、成本低，弹性差。提出的三个模型可用于评价星座优劣，为小卫星侦察星座的建设和性能评估工作提供参考。     

A new modeling scheme for powered parafoil unmanned aerial vehicle platforms: Theory and experiments

A novel framework is established for accurate modeling of Powered Parafoil Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (PPUAV). The model is developed in the following three steps: obtaining a linear dynamic model, simplifying the model structure, and estimating the model mismatch due to model variance and external disturbance factors. First, a six degree-of-freedom linear model, or the structured model, is obtained through dynamic establishment and linearization. Second, the data correlation analysis is adopted to determine the criterion for proper model complexity and to simplify the structured model. Next, an active model is established, combining the simplified model with the model mismatch estimator. An adapted Kalman filter is utilized for the real-time estimation of states and model mismatch. We finally derive a linear system model while taking into account of model variance and external disturbance. Actual flight tests verify the effectiveness of our active model in different flight scenarios.     

TDICCD相机在轨成像参数自主调整方法

为了改善光学遥感卫星的成像质量，提升卫星操控的灵活性，基于遥感成像理论，提出了依据太阳高度角的卫星在轨成像参数自主调整方法。文中首先讨论了影响卫星遥感成像质量的因素，分析了入瞳辐亮度随太阳高度角的变化规律及在不同侧摆角时，一个轨道周期内相机积分时间的变化范围，并据此建立了太阳高度角、侧摆角与积分级数、增益的对应关系。然后分析了太阳高度角和侧摆角的最佳分挡策略，最终得到了可用于卫星在轨成像参数自主调整的二维查找表，以实现卫星在轨成像参数自主调整。利用该方法可提升图像的辐射质量，极大减少了地面上注的数据量。     

A comprehensive survey on the methods of angle of attack measurement and estimation in UAVs

Angle of Attack (AOA) is a crucial parameter which directly affects the aerodynamic forces of an aircraft. The measurement of AOA is required to ensure a safe flight within its designed flight envelop. This paper intends to summarise a comprehensive survey on the measurement techniques and estimation methods for AOA, specifically in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications. In the case of UAVs, weight constraint plays a major role as far as sensor suites are concerned. This results in selecting a suitable estimation method to extract AOA using the available data from the autopilot. The most feasible and widely employed AOA measurement technique is by using the Multi-Hole Probes (MHPs). The MHP measures the AOA regarding the pressure variations between the ports. Due to the importance of MHP in AOA measurement, the calibration methods for the MHP are also included in this paper. This paper discusses the AOA measurement using virtual AOA sensors, their importance and the operation.     

一种多尺度稀疏极化敏感阵列及其DOA估计方法

针对单个电磁矢量传感器(SS-EMVS)的孔径受限和传统稀疏阵列无法提供目标极化信息的问题,结合分离式电磁矢量传感器和稀疏阵列,提出了一种由SS-EMVS组成的多尺度稀疏极化敏感阵列。该阵列的阵列单元为1个完整的分离式电磁矢量传感器,沿y轴分布,整个阵列按阵元间距分为2个均匀子阵,而且这2个阵元间距都可以大于入射信号的半波长,从而构造一个多尺度稀疏极化敏感阵列以得到目标波达方向(DOA)的高精度估计值。该阵列结合了SS-EMVS可降低阵元互耦和稀疏阵列可扩大阵列孔径的优点,提高了目标DOA估计精度的同时降低了阵元互耦,并且对噪声也具备较好的鲁棒性。而在算法上,首先利用矢量叉积算法得到目标方向余弦的低精度无模糊估计值;其次根据2个子阵的空域旋转不变性得到目标方向余弦的高精度模糊估计值,针对这些方向余弦的估计值提出了一种多尺度解模糊算法,可得到目标方向余弦的高精度无模糊估计值;最后经过运算得到目标的高精度DOA的估计结果。仿真结果证明了所提阵列和算法的有效性。该阵列可应用于某些空间受限的实际应用场合中,如安装在飞行器上的传感器阵列,从而发挥电磁矢量传感器的单天线多分量的特点,也可以与MIMO雷达进行结合,借助极化信息提高雷达系统的检测性能和目标二维DOA的估计精度。     

Experimental and numerical investigation on surface quality for two-point incremental sheet forming with interpolator

The unsatisfied surface quality seriously impedes the wide application of incremental sheet forming (ISF) in industrial field. As a novel approach, the interpolator method is a promising strategy to enhance the surface quality in ISF. However, the mechanism for the improvement of surface quality and the influence of interpolator properties on surface roughness are not well understood. In this paper, the influences of process variables (i.e. tool diameter, step size and thickness of interpolators) on the forming process (e.g. surface roughness, forming force and geometric error) are investigated through a systematic experimental approach of central composite design (CCD) in two-point incremental sheet forming (TPIF). It is obtained that the increase in thickness of interpolators decreases the surface roughness in direction vertical to the tool path while increases the surface roughness in direction horizontal to the tool path. Nevertheless, the combined influence between thickness of interpolators and process parameters (tool diameter and step size) is limited. Meanwhile, the placement of interpolator has little influence on the effective forming force of blank. In addition, the geometric error enlarges with the increase of step size and thickness of interpolator while decreases firstly and then increase with an increase in tool diameter. Finally, the influencing mechanism of the interpolator method on surface quality can be attributed to the decrease of the contact pressure due to the increase of contact area with the unchanged contact force. Meanwhile, the interpolator method eliminates the sliding friction on the surface of blank due to the stable relative position between the blank and the interpolator.     

连续式风洞二喉道调节马赫数控制策略

为了降低连续式跨超声速风洞压力波动,提高马赫数稳定性,需要对二喉道调节马赫数控制方式进行研究,针对现有文献鲜少对该控制策略描述等问题,以0.6m连续式跨声速风洞为例,对二喉道控制马赫数的原理进行分析,基于运动控制器加伺服驱动器双PID(proportion-integral-derivative)控制模式实现二喉道位置精确控制,提出了二喉道和压缩机转速的组合控制流程,并采用分段变参数模糊PID加串级控制的算法实现马赫数精确控制,最后进行了试验验证。结果表明马赫数控制精度优于0.001,且每个马赫数极曲线(9个攻角阶梯)的时间可控制在4min以内,证明所提出的控制策略是有效的,可为连续式跨超声速风洞的设计调试提供参考。